药剂学与药物输送研究杂志

药代动力学：药物如何在体内移动

米卡多·大卫、德里迪·伊克拉克、玛赫西亚·法乌齐亚、扎伊德·索尼娅、查德利·佐赫拉、查巴内·阿梅尔、本·法德尔·纳贾、布哈塔斯·纳瑟尔、奥姆·卡里姆、本·罗姆丹·海法、本·弗雷吉·纳迪亚

网上廉价伟哥

 

20 多年来，伟哥一直是全球最知名、使用最广泛、最安全的恢复性功能和缓解勃起功能障碍症状的药物。一种在治疗某种特定疾病方面占据医药市场先驱地位的药物很少能维持如此长时间的地位。如果我们考虑到这样一个事实，即在伟哥诞生几年后，消费者就可以在伟哥和另外两种完全值得信赖的药物——希爱力和艾力达之间进行选择，这就更令人惊讶了，这两种药物都是为对抗勃起功能障碍 (ED) 而设计的。伟哥属于 PDE-5 抑制剂类。此类药物主要用于使心理和生理原因导致的勃起功能障碍以及由这两种原因混合引起的疾病的性功能正常化。伟哥的活性成分是枸橼酸西地那非。这是一种人工合成物质，由美国辉瑞制药公司的科学家合成，最初用于治疗肺动脉高压，但结果证明它在治疗 ED 方面更为有效。西地那非可以增加流向阴茎的血流量，这是由于其血管扩张作用。同时，这种作用主要作用于阴茎血管，因为负责终止勃起的酶 PDE-5 主要在阴茎海绵体中产生。残余的 PDE-5 也存在于肺部和大脑的动脉中，这解释了伟哥的头痛和头晕等副作用。通过阻止 PDE-5 的产生，西地那非还可以延长性交时间。如今，品牌伟哥以药丸形式生产，规格为 25、50 和 100 毫克，必须用水服用。尽管希爱力和莱维特拉都有足够多的粉丝，但伟哥仍然是美国和世界许多其他国家治疗勃起功能障碍的主要药物。“神奇蓝色药丸”的认可度令人惊叹：几乎每个地方的每个人，无论男女，都至少听说过一次这种药物。

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To buy affordable Viagra is the dream of almost every man who is faced with the need to fight the manifestations of erectile dysfunction. To normalize sexual activity, in most cases, Viagra should be taken regularly. In addition, few people are happy to reduce the amount of sex because of the fact that there is simply no money for expensive pills. Fortunately, today several tricks can save you quite a large amount of money. First of all, this is the Internet - namely, online drugstores.

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The disadvantage of this trick is that you need to constantly keep your finger on the pulse of prices in different pharmacies, register on their websites, compare delivery terms and, in general, devote too much time and attention to the buying process. Situations are not uncommon when it is not possible to find a discount on branded Viagra. In addition to buying the original Viagra on a special offer, there is another way to save your budget from ruin - to turn your attention to the numerous Viagra generics.

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Generics of Viagra are full-fledged analogs of a branded drug, because they are produced according to a ready-made drug formula. In this regard, the fears of some consumers that generics are somehow worse than branded Viagra and are inferior to it are not justified.

The best way to buy cheap generic Viagra is to make an order in some online pharmacy. In the US, the sale of generic erectile dysfunction drugs is not encouraged by pharmaceutical legislation, and most of the least advantageous offers are available to consumers. Because of this, it is better to opt for foreign online pharmacies, which in most cases have much more profitable offers. The process of buying any medicine from an online pharmacy is no different from placing an order in an online store. Moreover, it is often even easier to make a purchase at an online pharmacy based in a foreign country than in one that has its official residence in the United States, due to simpler registration process. All pharmacies that deliver drugs to the United States are localized, that is, they have an interface available in English, and customer support communicates in this language as well.

Generic Viagra Manufacturers

当然，并非所有著名蓝色药丸的仿制药都像印度药丸一样便宜。这是因为它们几乎由世界上所有大型制药公司生产。欧洲仿制药更贵——它们的平均价格为 12-18 美元。加拿大的伟哥仿制药价格大致相同，澳大利亚的仿制药价格约为 25 美元（到处都给出了一粒 100 毫克药丸的价格）。在美国的当地药店，您主要可以找到以色列（Teva Pharaceuticals）和美国（Sandoz 美国分部）生产的伟哥仿制药，它们是最昂贵的选择之一。这就是为什么在网上药店订购伟哥类似物更有利可图的原因，而且是外国药店，那里的品种多很多倍，价格要低得多。

加拿大最大的伟哥仿制药制造商是 Apotex Inc. 和 Novartis AG。他们的产品质量上乘，价格实惠，在美国特别受欢迎。加拿大 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. 也有自己的伟哥仿制药。和 Pharmascience Inc.，但以他们的名字生产的伟哥价格略高。

澳大利亚仿制伟哥的副作用往往比辉瑞产品小，因为澳大利亚制造商特别注重对活性成分的彻底净化。在国际医药市场上，澳大利亚仿制伟哥的主要代表是 Terry White Chemists，该公司还拥有一家大型药房连锁店。

多年来，印度的伟哥仿制药一直是国际市场上最抢手的药品。它们充分证明了印度药剂师的卓越声誉：在大多数情况下，印度制药公司生产的药品质量甚至比欧洲公司的产品还要好。话虽如此，与世界上所有其他可靠的产品相比，它们的价格最低。印度的伟哥制造商绝对不会让消费者失望，其中包括 Centurion Laboratories、Dr. Reddy's、Ranbaxy、Cipla、Sun Pharmaceutical Industries、Torrent Pharmaceuticals、Lancet Pharmaceuticals、Cadila Healthcare 等公司。印度是活跃大型制药公司数量最多的国家。其中一些公司在伟哥生产方面仅限于经典药丸，但其他一些公司也在释放形式方面提供创新解决方案。这些包括口服凝胶和软药丸。这些释放形式的伟哥的共同点是，它们在服用后比传统药丸更早开始起作用。它们的消化率也提高了，因此可能需要较低的剂量才能达到预期的效果。